The spade test can tell you about the top 40 cm of soil, which contains the layer that is manipulated by machinery and the layer below. Many characteristics of a soil can be determined such as horizons or layers, texture, colour, odour, structure, roots, and soil dwelling animals and you can see the effect of soil tillage. The video contains the following chapters:
- Andreas Fliessbach, Coordinator FertilCrop
Links
- youtube.com: The Spade Test – Visual Soil Assessment in the Field
- bioaktuell.ch: Further Information including chapters in French
- bioaktuell.ch: Further Information including chapters in German
- fibl.org: Theme Soil